The True Meaning of Life Essays - Philosophy, Semantics, Free Essays

The True Meaning of Life Essays - Philosophy, Semantics, Free Essays The True Meaning of Life Hiral Patel November 19, 2014 PHI 100 ONLN3 Teacher Donald Knudsen Through the span of years, savants have contended about the genuine importance of life. Socrates and Plato accept that the importance of life is information. Then again, Epicurus accepts that the genuine importance of life is joy. Indeed, even we as people have various perspectives and convictions on the importance of life. A few people find that the American Dream is the genuine importance of life. Others concur with Socrates and Plato and accept that instruction and information are the keys. A few people simply characterize their implications by they culture. They utilize their customs and family convictions to shape the importance of their lives. Once in a while, what individuals do for the duration of the day helps shape their life. Purchasing a house, moving for better occupations, deciding to and not to consider, all play parts in offering significance to life. In any case, what is the genuine importance of human life? The genuine significance of human life depends on culture a nd day by day exercises. The significance of life alludes to the significance and the reason forever. Remembering these two conspicuous words, life is the real condition of being alive. The importance of life can be identified with religion and culture. Experiencing childhood in social orders where families are given more significance shows the people in the future that family is the importance of life. In different societies, autonomy is given more significance and the people in the future grow up to accept that autonomy and opportunity are the implications to their life. In India, for instance, family and conventions is given more significance than all else. I have grown up to accept that my family and my way of life precede whatever else. They precede my companions and before my work. On the off chance that I lose what characterizes me as an individual, at that point I will lose my actual significance of life. I have grown up to accept that my way of life assumes a fundamental job and chooses what my life is. I am just a manikin who needs to follow my social convictions and spotlight my life on that as it were. Indeed, I can get instructed, find a new line of work, educate and do anything I desire. In any case, I despite everything need to give my family and conventions regard and significance. Essentially, all societies convey their own convictions that assume jobs in characterizing the lives of numerous people. The genuine significance of life doesn't lie behind books expanding our insight. It doesn't lie behind blessed books imploring and ruminating throughout the day. Truth be told, the genuine significance of life is human encounters. Individuals take part in various exercises for an incredible duration. A few people volunteer to support the poor, some play sports, others peruse and compose. There are additionally rare sorts of people who simply need to construct their own family. These exercises and choices are what decide the meaning of life for individuals. The genuine importance of life resembles a mirror, gazing directly back at individuals. It encompasses them as they go to work, as they study, as they approach doing their tasks. On the off chance that the mirror breaks, they are breaking their life. Their life has no importance and isn't loaded up with expectation or dreams. All things considered, their life is negligible. Consequently, their life is their mirror. In spite of the fact that there is no extraordinary significance of life, individuals do accept that their every day life shapes the genuine importance of their life. The genuine significance of life is self-characterized. Individuals themselves characterize and offer significance to their life as opposed to thinkers or reasoning. Savants and reasoning simply assist individuals with finding their actual importance of life by opening them to various ideas and various types of reasoning. A few people's lives are formed around their families and their societies. Their families and societies precede whatever else. This is the thing that they grow up to think and in this manner this is the thing that their implications of life are. Then again, increasingly autonomous and freethinking individuals do in their day by day schedules is the thing that shapes their life. Some offer significance to their work and are obsessive workers while others are more into their family obligations. There isn't only one importance to life. The importance of life depends on self-assurance

The bad advice

The flawed guidance The thirty-fourth leader of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, broadly expressed, You don't lead by hitting individuals over the head that is ambush not administration. Despite the fact that, in present day times this announcement may appear to be very coherent, it is fascinating to take note of that in todays world there are still countries that are lead by power hungry government officials who have no enthusiasm for the prosperity of the individuals that abide in their ruined countries. These despots principle administration strategy is basic: they rule by infusing dread into the majority. The Prince, composed by Machiavelli, investigates the convoluted universe of pioneers and at long last goes to its principle contention that says, it is considerably more sheltered to be dreaded than to be adored, when you need to pick between the two. (Machiavelli, The Prince) While as a rule this might be valid, it shouldnt be neglected that Machiavelli composed this work many years back and as Bob Dylan had so consummately put it, The occasions they are a-changin. With present day progressions and the entire world attempting to propel itself toward another path, Machiavellis thoughts may now become out-dated and imperfect. Machiavelli accepts that if a pioneer is adored excessively, this takes into account the individuals to have an excessive amount of intensity which in the end will bring about revolt. All things considered, in todays world where majority rules system in numerous countries is the standard, being adored by the individuals has a larger number of advantages than being dreaded; by breaking down ongoing history one will have the option to demonstrate that driving with a progressively receptive outlook is altogether better at that point driving individuals through dread. When alluding to the word harmony, a couple of moment political figures strike a chord and one of these individuals is in all honesty Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Not exclusively was Gandhi the political pioneer of his local country India during the Independence Movement, however he was additionally viewed as the profound pioneer. His well known peacefulness rehearses had motivated autonomy developments in India as well as in nations everywhere throughout the world. Gandhi is hailed to be Father of India and his driving practices didn't include any type of power or brutality. Rather than utilizing his clench hand, Gandhi would utilize his quiet character and convincing open talking procedures so as to prevail upon the hearts of the individuals and lead a country that was on the course of all out decimation to salvation. Machiavelli asked that a pioneer ought to have a type of physical authority over the individuals, yet much to his dismay that several years after the fact a man by the name of Gandhi would totally break the establishments of previous driving standards. Gandhi, had broadly expressed, When I despair, I recall that all through history the method of truth and love has consistently won. There have been dictators and killers and for a period they appear to be strong, yet at long last, they generally fall-consider it, generally. This rousing statement demonstrates that social orders made by dictators will in the long run disintegrate and vote based system and harmony will everlastingly thrive. What's more, Gandhi was not the main individual to present the hypothesis of peacefulness however he was the first to rehearse it on such an enormous scope. By pushing peacefulness Gandhi legitimately repudiates Machiavellis convictions through the accompanying statement: The study of war drives one to autocracy, straightforward as can be. The study of peacefulness alone can lead one to unadulterated democracyPower dependent on affection is multiple times more viable and lasting than power got from dread of punishment.It is an impiety to state peacefulness can be drilled uniquely by people and never by countries which are made out of people. Gandhi message to the world is clear and straightforward: love and harmony are far more grounded and progressively powerful at that point dread. Despite the fact that, Machiavelli wrote in a totally unique timeframe it is clear how Gandhi refutes his speculations. (Http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/bio_5000/bio5.htm.) In the event that there was a man that was the finished enemy of Christ of Gandhi that man would have been named Kim Jong-Il. Kim Jong-Il is the tyrant of North Korea which was a nation that was established by his dad in 1994. Despite the fact that, his picture inside the North Korean outskirts might be delineated as pious, in all actuality it is the dread of the individuals he drives that really give him his lofty status. Numerous North Koreans authoritatively allude to him as Great Leader, yet on the off chance that they werent constrained by his domineering standard they would in all likelihood concoct various names for him; some of which would not be as wonderful as the name he holds now. Because of his solid handle and adverse impact he holds over his kin, his nation will always be unable to succeed like numerous amazing popular governments around the globe. If one somehow managed to investigate probably the most remarkable present day countries they would understand that every one of them are held together by a solid popularity based spine. The main country in the advanced time that appeared to flourish despite the fact that it was administered by a despot was the Soviet Union, however like Gandhi had anticipated it in the long run fallen simply like the various oppressive regimes that preceded it. By and by, Machiavellis guidance appears to have numerous imperfections if it somehow happened to be utilized in the cutting edge world. Kim Jong-Il is resolutely attempting to make an all the more remarkable country yet is neglecting to do so in view of his degenerate driving methods. (http://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/BioKimJongil.htm) Machiavelli had referenced that a pioneer can either execute unforgiving guideline or be adored by the individuals yet in all likelihood he can't be both, anyway the previous leader of China, Mao Zedong, may have discredited this hypothesis. Mao Zedong was a Chinese progressive and simultaneously socialist pioneer. With any socialist country, brutal guideline and severe strategy is a given which makes it hard for a socialist head to be famous with the individuals, yet Mao Zedong by one way or another had the option to be revered by his devotees. Right up 'til the present time Mao is viewed in China as an amazing progressive, political driving force, military virtuoso and in general the guardian angel of China. Numerous individuals give Mao kudos for taking Chinas for the most part horticultural society and changing it into the financial powerhouse that is today. Albeit, numerous individuals acclaim him for his progressive virtuoso, Mao didnt accomplish every one of his achievements t hrough the adoration for the individuals. He was in actuality still a despot progressively inspired by the flourishing of his country instead of the thriving of his kin. Mao had actualized a few political strategies and cleanses which were presently evaluated to have caused the passings of about sixty million individuals. By the by, most Chinese individuals despite everything hailed them as their saint in light of the fact that without him China would have wound up a lot of more awful without him. Mao again outlines how Machiavellis counsel doesn't make a difference to the cutting edge world. (http://www.marxists.org/reference/document/mao/) A wide range of pioneers have their own driving styles, yet what generally current and effective pioneers share for all intents and purpose is that they lead popularity based nations where the voice of the individuals is heard. Obviously, there will consistently be special cases to the standard, for example, Mao Zedong, however even he doesnt follow Machiavellis guidance. Every one of the three figures introduced in the previous sections refute the possibility that Machiavelli made years prior. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1997. Http://www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org/bio_5000/bio5.htm. MAHATMA GANDHI ONE SPOT COMPLETE INFORMATION WEBSITE. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. . Kim Jong il Biography North Korea. Asian History of Asia. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. . Reference Archive: Mao Zedong. Marxists Internet Archive. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. .

Social Justice Example

Social Justice Example Social Justice †Coursework Example Social Justice Living in social condition has consistently been viewed as one of the most significant requirements for the advancement of the inward capability of an individual. In any case, there are additionally occasions when one gathering can practice its impact over another and command in all the territories of public activity. A genuine model is colonization. This paper will investigate the thought of social equity with respect to indigenous individuals and the individuals who vanquished them. Speaking of the previous, one may recommend that equity might be showed through giving them a lot of opportunity in different undertakings. For instance, it would be beneficial if â€Å"indigenous individuals, as a particular type of practicing their entitlement to self assurance, reserve the option to self-rule or self government† (Churchill, 2003, 424). Along these lines they will have the option to save their conventional methods of life. As for the individuals who overwhelm the public activity on their regions, one should take note of that these champions should practice their forces inside a characterized structure, so their standard would not be tyrannical. To be sure, for this situation social equity will come as laws that the two gatherings will carefully go along with. So, the circumstance of vanquishing place that is known for indigenous individuals doubtlessly mutilates the social equity, however it might be reestablished in the accompanying manner: for aboriginals †in type of conceding self government; for overcomes †in type of setting just laws that they would go along to so their standard will be reasonable and not oppressing.ReferencesChurchill, W. (2003). Depravities of equity: indigenous people groups and Anglo-American law. San Francisco: City Lights Books.

Outsourcing And Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

OUTSOURCING AND ETHICAL DILEMMA INTRODUCTION In America, an increasing number of corporations are taking their businesses overseas. In fact, one recent study found that the number of multinational companies has swelled from 7,000 in 1975 to over 40,000 today. In addition, the net income of U.S. companies from operations outside the States now accounts for about half of income earned at home, compared to just 10 percent in 1950.The number of startups venturing overseas is skyrocketing, because it is becoming increasingly easy to do business overseas. Even small businesses are beginning to take advantage of this new rush of business venture overseas. One of the many benefits of overseas outsourcing products is the flexibility of the manufacturing companies. For example, China industrial corporations provide an abundant workforce where manufacturers can hire the most skilled employees at an extremely competitive wage. However, this growth has since contributed to significant growth of ethics issues in the corporate world, which ultimately affects the real world.For decades, there has been constant pressure on corporations to perform under good ethics, however in the years past, such pressure has become considerably consequential with the advent of mass media. For example, mistakes of a corporate executive can have international repercussions and make a CNN headline story, thereby making it possible for millions of people to know about who committed some violation. While the ethical problems corporations face when taking their business overseas are excessive, it is increasingly difficult for us to pin point the source of issues given the location of the business, and the economy, political view and interest of the area where the corporati on seeks to thrive (even though we all know the root of the issue is finding a way to make more money and loose less). One of the common known issues most corporations face is transnational bribery. Transnational bribery consists in offering or giving of money, valuable goods or other benefits as favors, promises or advantages to foreign governments official for procuring that official do or omit any action addressed to influence on economic or business transaction which has relationship with his public function.According to the IMF, when corrupt behavior is so pervasive and entrenched, it can become the norm. In these systemic cases, corruption can even affect the design and implementation of policies, and skew regulatory or state decisions. The bottom line of the issue is that in many developing countries and other countries that deal with corruption in the government, corporations tend to lean the way of the government and ultimately become corrupt too for reason of getting certain perks from that government. Corporations arent doing enough to ensure that their employees are being taken care of ov erseas, and tend to hold little to no liability on employees that are underprivileged and poor in these areas. Also when conflict such as war, terrorism and political corruption occurs, these companies tend to not say a word and continue to make profit. Corporate ethical issues overseas take places all around the world due to the flexibility and the loopholes of regulation laws, and laws that they can get away with. For example, major companies may consider South America a huge opportunity in terms of revenue. However, its also typically the most profitable region for companies that do business there, and one of the best opportunities for quick growth. However, many regions within South America are suffering economically and cultually. Over the past decade, political unrest, transnational crime, drug trafficking and wars, and economic mismanagement reversed the encouraging democratic and economic reforms begun in the 1980s. Major companies that invest heavily in Latin America do little to provide funds to build the community around their businesses. In fact, in the last decade the conversation regarding these regions in South America has become stricter, with many major international organizations, such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, pushing governments to reduce corruption. Corporations can easily reduce ethical issues by enforcing policies that are already in place in their company. They should ensure that their employees are getting the appropriate care fair wages in order to increase morale in confidence of the company to the people. Promoting regional prosperity through free trade and economic reform can also reduce issues. Corporations should also be monitored by international watchdogs, and should be transparent with how they are benefiting the community around their business if they even are. There should be a measure in place to rating the level of good impact a business brings overseas. CONCLUSION In closing, the basis of my position is not to condemn corporations for taking their business overseas. I believe that it does provide job opportunities for families and economic growth for the area of the location. It brings a great asset to communities as far as sustainability is concern. My problem is the notorious history of major companies bringing bad ethics to the table just because it is in their advantage to. Corporations should be able to reflect on their business ethics and strive to maintain the integrity of their practices.Good practices paints a good image in the eyes the people affected by it. REFERENCES Bianchi, A. (n.d.). Take your business global. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://money.cnn.com/2007/07/12/magazines/fsb/going_global.fsb/index.htm?tagname=fsbURGBiddle, L. (n.d.). Corruption in Latin America: Political, Economic, Structural, and Institutional Causes. Retrieved March 30, 2018, from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:d28e0e16-d999-4759-9508-efae5c0c4c1cG. (2004). GPO Import. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://www.importchinaproduct.com/benefits_overseas_business_offshore_outsourcing_manufacturing.htm Lipton, D., Werner, A., Gonclaves, C. (2017, September 21). Corruption in Latin America: Taking Stock. Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://blogs.imf.org/2017/09/21/corruption-in-latin-america-taking-stock/ Manfroni, C. A., Werksman, R. S. (2003). The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption:. NY: Lexington Books.

The Battle Of The Second Amendment - 853 Words

Americans love guns, we love our second amendment rights and we strongly oppose those who try and take them away. Guns provide significant help for individual protection, but we need to stop handing them out guns like there is a war. The second amendment was implemented when we were still worried about the British taking us over, that is why Americans were allowed to have a gun, in case we need to call up the militia, but those days are over. Horrendous policies and politicians looking out for themselves, taking donation from weapons companies has lead to America having an extremely high gun crime rate. American’s have an abundance of gun related issues due to inadequate restrictions, insufficient political support, and the media’s influence. A change needs to be made in the form of restrictions, and new policies to better our society. During the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, the main purpose of owning a gun was for protection. These were days when we had the Wild West and life was chaotic. When there was no police or other forms of protection for the people, but as a society we have evolved so did our protection. We now have a police force and there are few debates between people’s stake in land. Also, we do not duel for honor anymore;there is no need for guns in our modern society. I watched the film Bowling for Columbine where the director Michael Moore looked into exploring popular explanations as to why American gun violence is so highShow MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The Second Amendment, written in 1791, firearm control is a transcendent divisive matter in cutting edge American society.From one perspective, gunfire attests an unfaltering, each day toll of American lives, from suicide and accidents impressively more than from unpleasant wrongdoing.Consistently, a mass executioner, as often as possible furnished with one or more self-loader military-sort snare weapons, chops down twelve or so setbacks. On the other hand, weapon proprietorship is an insideRead MoreThe Battle Between Gun Control and Gun Rights Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesright to bear arms according to the Second Amendment has been a hotly contested issue for many years in American history. The matter has been one of the most controversial issues in the second half of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first; disputed between politicians on the liberal and conservative side along with issues such as abortion, capital punishment, and gay marriage. The Supreme Court has o fficially defined the controversial Second Amendment by stating that states have the rightRead MoreGun Control Must Reduce Violent Crime860 Words   |  4 Pagesof firearms. Under the Second Amendment, our Founding fathers clearly stated that all American citizens have a constitutional right to own guns to defend their property and themselves. It is the right given to us by the Constitutional law, the right we have as American citizens to carry a firearms for personal protection. We have always been proud of our country and the rights appointed to us as citizens. To stand by and protect our god given right to our Second Amendment, the right to bear armsRead More The Fourteenth Amendment Essay764 Words   |  4 Pages On a date that will be remembered forever as a step forward for our nation, July 28, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment became part of the U.S. Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment gave a new sense of hope and inspiration to a once oppressed people. It was conceived to be the foundation for restoring America to its great status and prosperity. The Amendment allowed â€Å"equal protection under the law†, no matter what race, religion, sex, sexual preference or social status. It was designed to protectRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln s 12 Years A Slave 1366 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped and fights broke out. These events caused the need for leadership. Abraham Lincoln’s election caused him step up to that position of leadership which allowed him to leave a legacy by the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, and the Amendments. Lincoln set the Civil war and took Cultural, Social and Political actions to solve slavery. During the 19th and 20th century, the United States was in conflict or turmoil with itself over slavery causing the need for Presidential and MilitaryRead MoreGun Control1095 Words   |  5 PagesControl: The Battle Rages On Abstract This paper discusses and is centered around the on-going debate over gun control, I directly address how each major political party views this subject and what I believe the United States Government should do to be able to best combat this tremendous issue. I use research from multiple sources that contrast each side of the argument and give an overall insight into the world of modernized gun control. Gun Control: The Battle Rages On With the Second AmendmentRead MoreGun Control Must Reduce Violent Crime951 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of firearms. Under the Second Amendment, our Founding fathers clearly stated that all American citizens have a constitutional right to own guns to defend their property and themselves. It is the right given to us by the Constitutional law, the right we have as American citizens to carry a firearm for personal protection. We have always been proud of our country and the rights appointed to us as citizens. To stand by and protect our god given right to our Second Amendment, the right to bear armsRead MoreThe Rebellion Of The Vesey Uprising Of Charleston, South Carolina1379 Words   |  6 Pageswere not for Lincoln’s civil right movements, the people of America would not have the freedom they have today. Thomas Corwin designed an amendment to protect slavery as an effort to delay the Civil War. Only two out of twenty-six states ratified the amendment (Ohio and Maryland). However, when the Civil War started the amendment was insignificant. â€Å"No amendment shall be made to the constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with theRead MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control 876 Words   |  3 PagesGun Control There is a raging battle in the United States court rooms extending all the way to many communities throughout the US. That battle, or to be more exact, question is, â€Å"would stricter gun control laws be beneficial to the United States?† There are two perspectives on the ever-continuing question, one being that stricter gun control would be beneficial and cause less harm to citizens, and the contrasting view is that it is a right to be able to own guns, and that they are used for protectionRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1058 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate; it’s a battle. This battle of gun control isn’t an emerging one, it has been present ever since the signing of the declaration of independence. If there is one thing that the American people hold dear it is the rights inherently granted them by the constitution and any attempt of infringement on these rights is sure to cause an immediate and considerable uproar. Ultimately the debate of gun control all started with the second amendment to our constitution. And so the amendment reads, â€Å"A well

Different Theorists Have Different Ideas About The...

Different theorists have different ideas about the development of children. Two of these include Urie Brofenbrenner and Mason Durie. The western theorist, Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) was born in Russia however was relocated to the United States in his early years, where his father worked as a clinical pathologist. This is likely to have impacted on Bronfenbrenners future career path of psychology (Moffitt, n.d.). Bronfenbrenner explores the ideas around ecological theory. A Maori perspective is Durie, born in New Zealand in 1938. He studied medicine and surgery at University of Otago, and continued on to do a postgraduate diploma in psychiatry (Massey University, 2010). Durie explores ideas around Maori wellbeing. Both of these theorists have implications on teaching. Bronfenbrenners main theory is the ecological theory, which was developed in 1979, with the idea of the individual surrounded by 5 different systems, to explain the effect of the environment on children (Williams, n.d.). These complex systems are all interacting, therefore influencing and impacting the childrens lives through behaviours and attitudes (Sincero, 2012). The model is made up of 5 circles with each circle representing a different level, with the individual in the middle. Each level goes further away from the individual, in relation to its contact with the child, Bronfenbrenner (2005, as cited in Claibourne, Drewery, Paki Chu, 2014) refers to it as â€Å"a change in developmental focus from theShow MoreRelatedPiaget Of A Child s Brain Development Theory1057 Words   |  5 Pagesconstantly learning about new theories and expanding the knowledge on those that we already know, about the physical and mental development of Children. Through past and present theorists, we are shown whole new aspects of how a child develops to make up the being that they become. 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Language is a form of behaviour, a series of cultural and social practices that should be seen as appropriate (or not appropriate) for a given context (Green 2006). We could describe language as a set of conventions or rules that have been developed over time to provide communication and speech between one another. Not only is language important to society but specifically to education andRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesattachment. The course materials emphasized the critical role of relationship and attachment to the development of the children. The internship site also provided an opportunity for me to visualize different attachments and relationships between parent and child in action. As the chapter readings from the textbook explore different perspectives of relationship and attachment proposed by vario us theorists, the class discussions and lectures furthered my understanding and knowledge of parent-child relationshipsRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 PagesA theory is defined by an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions. With development the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span which theorist observe these developments as a series of stages during which individuals displays qualities of behavior patterns. There are five theoretical orientation to development such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral and social cognitive, ethological, and ecologicalRead MoreWgu Fht Task 11675 Words   |  7 PagesJessica Odessa Shepherd Human Development and Learning - FHT4 Western Governors University Student ID 259630 FHT4 - Task 1 Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology)Read MoreThe Development Of The Cognition1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe development of the cognition in the early years of life (2-6 year olds) is the assembly of the thought processes. The thought processes are comprised of memory, problem solving, and decision-making (Encyclopedia of Children’s Health). 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There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can unde rstand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will better prepare

Review of the Death of Ryan Saunders

Question: Write about the Review of the Death of Ryan Saunders. Answer: Introduction The health care professionals should always complete their duty of care appropriately, to ensure the maximum well being of the client. Sometimes, due to failure of proper diagnosis, service users suffer a lot, which also impacts negatively upon the entire health care system. One such case of misconduct was recorded in 2007, when due to continuous misdiagnosis and delay in treatment led to an inconsolable death of a 2 years old child named Ryan Saunders (Abc.net.au, 2017). A significant lack of communication, poor handover and negligence has been revealed in several steps of care provided to Ryan. Ryan was brought to his GP, Dr. John Evans on 20th September, 2007. He diagnosed him as having mumps; instead of the fact that Ryan got the MMR vaccine from his clinic. He prescribed regular analgesia in the form of paracetamol, to help him with his pain. Ryan was advised not to attend child care until the swelling had subsided; however, the GP did not recommended follow up appointment, not contacted Ryan further (courts.qld.gov.au, 2011). Therefore, from the beginning, the GP has shown a communication gap and lack of in-depth assessment in resolving Ryans heath issues. Communication plays a significant role in nursing and medical practice. For instance, in health care practice, communication within patient-physician, patient-nurse, nurse-physician, physician-physician and nurse-nurse are key player in delivering information regarding significant patient care (Liaw et al., 2011). A significant communication gap has been identified in Ryans case. Ryans mother took him to Emerald hospital, upon witnessing his inconsolable pain at 1.00 am on Monday 24th September 2007. At this point, the nurses at Emerald hospital shown significant communication through maintaining the patients medical status report. At Emerald hospital, the physicians and nurses were unable to detect the appropriate reason for Ryans illness, but undertook immediate actions through systematic process, with no visible communication gap. Ryan arrived RBH with a great pain (courts.qld.gov.au, 2011). From the beginning at RBH, Ryan faced a significant communication gap. Instead of the provision of calling a off duty physician on emergency case, the hospital authority, i.e. Ryans paediatric consultant Dr. Roper did not took initiative to communicate with the sonographer, leading to one step delay in his care provision and diagnosis. He was observed by Dr. Roos at 6.00 pm; however, examination was difficult due to his irritability. Dr Roos did note all physical indicators of meningitis. Dr. Roper was contacted and ordered for a lumbar puncture. He acknowledged no abnormal sign in Ryans abdomen, upon examination, he also denied his continuous crying and was unaware what pain medication was he taking at that time. However, he did not go through his medical chart from Emerald hospital or RBH ED and relied upon the verbal briefing of Dr. Roos and Dr. Kendes letter. It represented one of the key miscommunication done by Dr. Roper, he continuously showed communication errors throughout R yans case and on his interview, he attempted to deny most of his communication issues. A significant lack of clinical handover has also been shown here. At around 9.10 pm, Dr. Roper got to know the test result was negative and he neither undertook any further examination, nor spoke to Ryans parents directly, leaving it to nursing staffs. Dr. Roos asked Dr. Roper, whether a blood culture needed to be done, but he denied its urgency. Again a miscommunication was noted from Dr. Ropers side, he did not prioritize other physicians suggestions. However, he suspected a viral infection. Ryan did not visited by any doctor since the lumbar puncture at 7.30 pm to 9.15 am on the next day (Flatley, 2011). In the morning, Terry asked the nurses, when Ryan will see a doctor, they replied that doctors dont start their rounds till 8.00 am. With the irresponsibility of Dr. Roper, here, the nurses also shown significant lack in their communication process; instead of witnessing Ryans pain, they did not informed doctors or attempted to relieve him from the condition. Considering the likeliness of viral myosotis, he believed that the source of pain was from his limbs, but unable to identify the source. Dr. Kamal suspectes abdominal source of pain, Dr. Ropper nominated retrocaecal appendicitis. Dr. Kamal suggested blood culture for toxic work up, followed by IV fluids and antibiotics. However, Dr. Roper denied about these suggestions. He also refused Dr. Kamals suggestion for administering morphine, as it may mask the source of pain. He continuously suggested administering less pain relief medication, Codeine, which Ryan received 12.05 pm, a poor interaction of Dr. Roper with other physicians or staffs has been shown. The Nurse Wood asked for taking blood to examine toxic work up, as Ryans stomach was rigid. CT scan was performed, though it was not marked urgent (Flatley, 2011). Here, the RN represented significant skill of conflict management along with effective management. As she witnessed the deterioration in Ryans health, she attempted to do h er best to make the diagnosis and care accurate. One of the significant ways of communication in medical care is patient handover, which is done when a patients responsibility is handed over from one medical staff to the other during the change of shift. Appropriate clinical handover is important for delivering adequate and in-depth information about the patient and avoiding misdiagnosis or medication error (Craig et al., 2012). During the handover of Ryans case in the next shift, Dr, Roper showed negligence, he was not present during clinical handover. To help his breathing he was attempted to intubate and ventilated, shortly after, he got a cardiac arrest, leading him to death on 26th September 2007. During Ryans last few hours, Dr. Roper also showed poor communication, as he left the communication part with Ryans parents over the RN. However, the RN significantly communicated with them and empathized them for Ryans situation (Liaw et al., 2011). From the case study and coroners findings, it has been found that there were significant communication gap among the key physicians involved in Ryans case, which include miscommunication, insufficient information distribution and poor handover. Dr. Roper has been shown to avoid other physicians suggestions on Ryans health. However, it has also been shown that during Ryans last time, after he got a cardiac arrest, Dr. Roper left the job of informing Ryans parents about his condition, over the nurse; instead of communicating directly with them (Flatley, 2011). In this interview, he also depicted controversial comments about the information shared by other physicians regarding Ryans blood culture results. In the evening shift, Dr. Roper was not involved in the hand over procedure of Ryan. Nurses role is vital in care service, as she has the responsibility to communicate with patient, his family and physician regarding any kinds of health issues faced by the patient. In addition, communicating with other members in multidisciplinary team is also important for achieving success in care plan (King et al., 2013). Nurse King and Nurse Wood have shown to convey several times about Ryans pain, however, he continuously failed to manage his pain (Flatley, 2011). Moreover, after Ryans transfer from Emerald hospital to RBH, he only relied upon the verbal communication with the doctor of Emerald hospital; instead of checking Ryans medical history, his medical chart or thorough physical examination. These have been shown a poor communication, lack of patient safety and poor handover procedure (King et al., 2013). It has also shown that at the day before Ryans death, he was left over throughout the night since 7.30 pm to next day 8.00 am without visited by a doctor. Nurses noted th e child was screaming, but the doctor was not informed; showing a significant lack of communication and poor patient safety. It has been revealed that the GP, physicians at Emerald hospital as well as the on call consultant Dr. Roper at RBH ED played the key role in promoting the adverse effects in Ryans case. Reviewing the case, it has been revealed that Ryan was not at state of having fatal consequences, if he got proper diagnosis and care. However, from his GP Dr. Evans, he was being misdiagnosed and neglected regarding his severe pain. His GP was aware of the fact the that he undergone MMR vaccine, which reduces the chance of occurrence about 95%, though he diagnosed him with mumps and did not recommended for follow up visit. On the other hand, physicians at Emerald hospital also unable to diagnose the cause of his illness, however, they provided appropriate analgesia and referred him to a secondary hospital for advanced treatment (Flatley, 2011). However, a continuous negligence and misdiagnosis was observed from the on call consultant at Rockhampton hospital, Dr. Roper, who misdiagnosed his cause of illness more than one time, did not considered the positive recommendations of other physician and nurse at the multidisciplinary team, nor attempted to reduce Ryans pain, instead of witnessing him suffering continuously (Craig et al., 2012). These were the human factors contributed towards Ryans health deterioration. The paediatric consultant, Dr. Peter Roper explained that he did not attempt to relieve Ryans pain, as he did not want to mask Ryans symptoms with analgesia. However, coroner disapproved his explanation. Initially, Dr. Roper believed a viral infection of the child, but did not ordered a blood culture, despite of being suggested by junior doctor and repeatedly made serious errors in judgment, when he declined to do so. Cororner reported that after lumbar puncture report was positive, there was no initiative by Dr. Roper to urgently find the root cause; rather Ryan was left in pain, not visited by any doctor till next day morning (Miko, 2011). According to expert witness, blood culture should be done and antibiotics given, when physician thinks a lumber puncture is warranted. Interventions for ceasing bacterial infection were undertaken too late. Ryans parents described uncaring attitude of physicians, lack of urgency and poor communication. The coroner acknowledged Dr. Ropers years of committed service with inadequate resources (Ong, BiomedE Coiera, 2011). However, the Medical Board of Australia found no grounds for disciplinary action against Dr. Roper. Dr. Roper also failed to be involved in proper handover process as well as ignored the information in handover and patient chart made by nurse, where several times nurses mentioned about Ryans inconsolable pain. The adequacy of care at RBH included incomplete history, Dr. Roper did not investigated Ryan, instead only relied upon the verbal communication with the Emerald hospitals doctor; failure to examine, no septic work up or antibiotics and failure to pain management (Miko, 2011). When a CRP test was done, it demonstrated highly infective process, but at that stage, Ryan could not be saved. Nurses role in Ryans case was significant in addressing his problems. However, according to Ryans parents, Ryan screamed through the night in pain, but nurses didnt seem interested in following up with doctors. Nurse Wood approached Dr. Roper regarding Ryans pain and urgency for prompt attention. She also requested to give morphine to combat with Ryans pain, but was denied by Dr. Roper. RN King also noted Ryan was wailing. RN king asked for blood culture, which was a right diagnosis for Ryan. RN was also concerned that Ryan was not receiving adequate pain relief. Finally, as a result of RNs concern, Dr. Roper agreed to administer morphine to Ryan. Therefore, the RN, Nurse King her role significantly for Ryan, identifying him to be readily deteriorating, she was in deep distress at Ryans death. Therefore, according to the professional codes and competency standards, RN King met her standards of practice while taking care for Ryan, showed significant concern regarding urgency, showed e mpathy towards his distress and pain and attempted to continuously report Ryans deterioration to Dr. Roper and other physicians (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2017). Coroner agreed with 15 recommendations made by HQCC along with not taking any disciplinary action against Dr. Roper. The recommendations included inclusion of adequate training about service capability levels through Queensland hospitals; ensuring appropriate access to tertiary level telemedical advice through rural and regional medical team; state wide implementation of CRP reporting tools; to ensure radiological imaging is available at Rockhampton Hospital 24 hours per day, with state wide expansion of the process; to ensure handover process at RBH; to implement an escalation procedure for pathology reports and a automated alert process; to ensure nursing processes; to consider whether any further investigations are required (Miko, 2011). Communication plays a key role in these kinds of cases, as supported by a wide range of medical evidences. To reduce these kinds of issues, several national and federals legislations and policies has been implemented. 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